THE ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ПРОСАДОЧНЫХ ГРУНТОВ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ОСНОВАНИЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

Abstract

This study presents the results of laboratory research into the physical and mechanical properties of subsiding soils identified during engineering-geological surveys at the construction site in Northern Kazakhstan. The main focus was on loess-like sandy loams (IGE-1) that exhibit signs of Type I collapsibility. Laboratory testing was conducted in accordance with current national standards (GOST 23161, GOST 12248, GOST 20522, etc.).

A total of 150 samples from various depths were tested to determine density, moisture content, porosity, Atterberg limits, compressibility coefficients, and deformation moduli. The average bulk density under natural moisture conditions was 1.76 g/cm³, and the average porosity coefficient was 0.61. The consistency of the soils was assessed as stiff, with a low liquidity index (average −1.65). The average deformation modulus was approximately 22.5 MPa.

It was found that under vertical loads exceeding 0.10 MPa, most samples showed relative collapsibility values (εsl) ≥ 0.01, confirming their classification as collapsible soils. The initial collapse pressure was estimated to be around 0.1 MPa.

These results highlight the necessity of accounting for collapsible behavior during foundation design. Appropriate stabilization measures—such as compaction, drainage, and the use of pile foundations—are recommended to ensure structural stability. The findings are of practical significance for optimizing construction solutions in areas where collapsible soils are prevalent.