ТИТАН ҚОЖЫН ЖӘНЕ ТИТАН ТЕТРАХЛОРИДІН ӨНДІРУ

Abstract

This article presents a thermodynamic analysis of ilmenite smelting and chlorination processes aimed at the production of titanium slag and titanium tetrachloride. Using the HSC Chemistry 6 software package, standard Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG°) were calculated for key reactions involving TiO₂, Nb₂O₅, and oxides of impurity elements such as Fe, Si, Al, Mg, Mn, Cr, and V. The conditions under which titanium is efficiently converted into volatile TiCl₄ and niobium into volatile species (NbCl₅) or oxygen-containing chlorides were determined. Tpp and Lpp diagrams were constructed for multicomponent systems including Fe–Ti–O, Nb–C–O, Ti–O–Al, among others, to assess phase stability and the influence of slag composition. It was shown that impurity elements tend to form stable solid phases that reduce the efficiency of chlorination. Technological recommendations were formulated regarding temperature, chlorine partial pressure, and slag composition to ensure maximum recovery of titanium and associated extraction of niobium. The results can be applied to optimize industrial titanium tetrachloride production and develop integrated processing schemes for titanium slags.