ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ УВЛАЖНЕНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЛЕСОСТЕПНОЙ И СТЕПНОЙ ЗОН КАЗАХСТАНА В ГОДЫ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ ТЕПЛОВЛАГООБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТИ

Abstract

The article investigates the natural humidification of the growing season (May-August) during the years of different availability of heat and moisture in the conditions of the forest-steppe and steppe zones of Northern Kazakhstan for the Atbasar and Blagoveshchenka weather stations using standard meteorological data on air temperature and precipitation amounts. Based on the method of hydrological and climatic calculations, the values of the elements of the thermal and water balance for a long-term period (1961-2020) were determined, the periods of the driest and most humid years in the context of decades were revealed. In the study area, the values of the water equivalent of heat and energy resources of evaporation in both dry and wet years exceed the values of precipitation amounts of optimal conditions. At the same time, the high moisture deficit in dry years is 1.5-2 times higher than the norm of this indicator under optimal humidification conditions with a humidification coefficient of 1.0. The humidification coefficient at all studied weather stations in dry years is 2-3 times lower than the norm characterizing optimal conditions. On the territory of the steppe zone, at the Atbasar weather station for 60 years there were more dry years than wet ones, and in the area of the forest-steppe zone at the Blagoveshchenka weather station there were more wet years than dry ones. The trends of the last decade are characterized by the same frequency of repetition of dry and wet years in the steppe zone and slightly greater frequency of wet years in the forest-steppe zone.