DEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL-SIZED COMBINED UNIT FOR PRE-SOWING TILLAGE AND SEED SOWING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In the South-Eastern zone of agriculture of the republic there is a shortage of tillage machines capable of performing high-quality operations to prepare the soil for sowing crops. Currently, combined machines are in the greatest demand, capable of combining a number of operations and thereby reducing the time of tillage, the number of passes of equipment across the field, as well as reducing the cost of the technological complex of soil treatment machines compared with single-operation analogues.

The combined implements imported to the republic from far and near abroad are not adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan and have a high cost.

The main part of the territory of Kazakhstan is located in a sharply continental arid climate. On 80% of the territory of the republic, the amount of precipitation is not enough for the normal development of row crops, especially the most moisture-demanding sugar beet, soybeans, vegetables.

According to the results of the studies carried out at NPCAI LLP, it was found that the experimental sample of a combined unit for pre-sowing tillage and seed sowing is designed for processing row spacing to a depth of 10-12 cm. To ensure a processing depth of 20-25 cm, it is necessary either to increase the diameter of the milling drum, or to almost completely bury a small diameter drum into the soil. The first, as numerous studies show, is impractical due to a sharp increase in the cost of milling power and an increase in the metal consumption of the milling cutter: for example, forest and swamp cutters capable of cultivating soil to a depth of more than 20 cm, and having a diameter of 600-800mm milling drum, with a small gripping width, require heavy energy-saturated tractors for their aggregation.

In this regard, the combined unit developed within the framework of the project of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan for pre-sowing tillage and simultaneous sowing of seeds in one pass significantly reduces the level of costs compared to the traditional scheme of pre-sowing soil preparation and sowing. The advantage is to reduce the timing of sowing operations by half, as well as saving fuel by 20-25% and preserve moisture in the soil and reduce energy consumption during sowing